AKSARA KAWI 1

Kawi Quick Facts Type Syllabic Alphabetic Genealogy Brahmi Location Southeast Asia > Indonesia Time 8th century to 13th century CE Direction Left to Right Writing came to Insular Southeast Asia in the 8th century, brought by traders from the ancient Indian kingdom of Pallava. The Pallava script, a variant of the Grantha, was adopted by the local Javanese to write their language. While at first the script completely resembled Pallava, soon it evolved into a distinctive form called the Kawi script. Geographically, Kawi was found primarily on Java, Bali, and southern Sumatra, but a few inscriptions have been found as far as the Philippines. This points to a more widespread use of this script in Southeast Asia, but most likely written or carved on perishable materials that have not survived to the modern day. The Kawi script is a typical Brahmi-style syllabic alphabet where every letter represents a syllable rather than a simple sound. Three letters are used for the sounds /a/, /i/, and /u/, but only at the beginning of a word. The rest of the letters denote syllables, each with a starting consonant and the "inherent" vowel of /a/. The following chart is the basic Kawi script. In addition, there are a set of diacritical marks that are placed around letters to modify their phonetic value. Most of these marks are used to change the inherent vowel from /a/ to another vowel or dipthong. Two diacritical marks denote the endings /-ang/ and /-ah/. One mark actually removes the vowel completely, leaving only the consonant part of the letter. Even though there is a mark to suppress the inherent vowel, consonant clusters are actually represented by placing two letters stacked on top of each other. The first consonant in the cluster would be the letter on the top but with its inherent vowel silenced, and the second consonant would be the letter on the bottom. For most part the regular letter forms are used on both the top and the bottom, but for the letters /ya/ and /ra/ special forms are used instead, as illustrated in the following example. By the 13th century, the form of the Kawi script has evolved into its direct descendent, Javanese. In fact, Kawi is sometimes called Old Javanese. But in addition, the Kawi script likely gave rise to many later scripts of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Philipines such as Rejang, Buginese, Makasarese, Tagalog, Mangyan, Batak, and many others. Hence the Kawi script can be considered the progenitor of writing in Insular Southeast Asia. http://www.ancientscripts.com/kawi.html

Prasasti Keping Tembaga Laguna Swasti. Shaka warṣatita 822 Waisakha masa ding jyotiṣa. Caturthi Krṣnapaksa, Somawara . Sana tatkala Dayang Angkatan lawan dengan nya sanak barngaran si Bukah, anak da Dang Hwan Namwaran, dibari waradana wi shuddhapattra ulih Sang Pamegat Senapati di Tundun barjadi Dang Hwan Nayaka Tuhan Pailah Jayadewa. Di krama Dang Hwan Namwaran dengan dang kayastha shuddha nu diparlappas hutang da walenda Kati 1 Suwarna 8 di hadapan Dang Hwan Nayaka Tuhan Puliran Kasumuran. Dang Hwan Nayaka Tuhan Pailah barjadi ganashakti. Dang Hwan Nayaka Tuhan Binwangan barjadi bishruta tathapi sadana sanak kapawaris ulih Sang Pamegat Dewata barjadi Sang Pamegat Medang dari bhaktinda diparhulun Sang Pamegat. Ya, makanya sadanya anak cucu Dang Hwan Namwaran shuddha ya kapawaris dihutang da Dang Hwan Namwaran di Sang Pamegat Dewata. Ini gerang syat syapanta ha pashkat ding ari kamudyan ada gerang urang barujara welung lappas hutang da Dang Hwa ... Swasti. Tahun Saka 822, bulan Waisakha, menurut penanggalan. Hari keempat setelah bulan mati, Senin. Di saat ini, Dayang Angkatan, dan saudaranya yang bernama si Bukah, anak-anak dari Sang Tuan Namwaran, diberikan sebuah dokumen pengampunan penuh dari Sang Pemegang Pimpinan di Tundun (Tondo sekarang), diwakili oleh Sang Tuan Nayaka dari Pailah (Pila sekarang), Jayadewa. Atas perintahnya, secara tertulis, Sang Tuan Namwaran telah dimaafkan sepenuhnya dan dibebaskan dari hutang-hutangnya sebanyak satu Katî dan delapan Suwarna di hadapan Sang Tuan Puliran Kasumuran di bawah petunjuk dari Sang Tuan Nayaka di Pailah. Oleh karena kesetiaannya dalam berbakti, Sang Tuan (Yang Terhormat) yang termasyhur dari Binwangan mengakui semua kerabat Namwaran yang masih hidup, yang telah diklaim oleh Sang Penguasa Dewata, yang diwakili oleh Sang Penguasa Medang. Ya, oleh sebab itu seluruh anak cucu Sang Tuan Namwaran sudah dimaafkan dari segala hutang Sang Tuan Namwaran kepada Sang penguasa Dewata. (Pernyataan) ini, dengan demikian, menjelaskan kepada siapa pun setelahnya, bahwa jika di masa depan ada orang yang mengatakan belum bebas hutangnya Sang Tuan ... The Laguna Copperplate Inscription (900 A.D.), a thin copper plate measuring less than 8 × 12 inches (20 × 30 cm) in size and inscribed with small writing that had been hammered into its surface. It shows heavy Indian cultural influence (by way of Srivijaya) present in the Philippines during the era previous to Spanish colonization in the 16th century. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguna_Copperplate_Inscription Prasasti Keping Tembaga Laguna atau Lempeng Tembaga Laguna ditemukan 1989 di Laguna de Bay, Manila, Filipina. Penanggalan yang tertera menunjukkan tahun 822 Saka, atau 21 April, 900. Prasasti ini menggunakan bahasa Melayu Kuna meskipun banyak kata-kata dari bahasa Sansekerta, bahasa Jawa Kuna, dan bahasa Tagalog Kuna, serta ditulis dengan aksara Kawi. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keping_Tembaga_Laguna Ang Kasulatan sa Tanso ng Laguna (Ingles: Laguna Copperplate inscription o LCI) ay siyang pinakalumang kasulatan na natagpuan sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas. Natagpuan ito sa lawa ng laguna ni Ginoong Alfred E. evangelista taong 1989.Nakalilok sa lapad na tansong ito ang petsa ng kaganapan ng nasabing panahon at nagsasaad ng panahon ng saka 822 na tumutukoy sa ika-21 ng abril, taong 900 CE.Napag aralan din na ang mga salita na nakalimbag dito ay lumang malayo, lumang indones , lumang Devanagari at sinaunang Tagalog o kilalang "abyang" sa katutubong salita.Sa kasulatang ito, sinabi na ang isang huwarang tawo na si namwaran ay naka alpas sa pagkakautang na may halaga ng timbang ng ginto na 1 kati at 8 suwarna o katumbas ng 865 na gramos.Nakasaaad din lumang kasulatan ang mga pangalan ng bayan at baranggay tulad ng Tundo,Pulilan at Pila na pawang nasa palibot ng rehiyon ng katagalugan sa Luzon.Ang pagkakatuklas ng sinaunang kasulatan na ito ay nagpahayag na matibay na katunayan tungkol sa pakikipag ugnayan ng sinaunang tawo o agta sa Luzon sa iba't ibang lahi ng mga tawo sa Asya na tinutukoy ang lumang kaharian ng India gaya ng kaharian ng Srivijaya.Isa ngang may kahalagahang paksa sa kasaysayan ng mga sinaunang lipunan sa kapuluang Pilipinas na hindi pa lubos na nababatid sa kasalukuyan.[1] Para Suci Kuningan Laguna ( bahasa Inggris : Laguna tembaga Prasasti atau LCI ) adalah tulisan tertua yang ditemukan dalam sejarah Filipina. Ditemukan banjir laguna Mr Alfred E. penginjil yang 1989.Nakalilok perunggu lebar tanggal dari peristiwa masa tersebut dan menyatakan periode 822 kemudian mengacu pada tanggal 21 April, CE.Napag 900 tahun juga menganalisis kata-kata tercetak di sini sudah tua jauh , tua Indonesia, Devanagari tua dan kuno Tagalog atau dikenal "abyang" pribumi salita.Sa dokumen, mengatakan bahwa pria ideal Namwaran dilepaskan utang dengan jumlah berat emas untuk 1 dan 8 suwarna atau refluks setara dengan 865 pada kitab-kitab tua gramos.Nakasaaad juga nama-nama kota dan desa seperti Tondo, Pila Pulilan dan yang berada di wilayah Tagalog sekitar deteksi Luzon.Ang tulisan suci kuno menandakan bukti substansial Menghubungkan keluar dari orang kuno atau Agta Luzon dalam ras yang berbeda dari laki-laki di Asia disebut kerajaan lama India sebagai kerajaan Srivijaya.Isa karena memiliki topik yang signifikan dalam sejarah masyarakat kuno di kepulauan Filipina yang belum sepenuhnya dipahami pada saat ini. [1] http://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulat_ng_Platong_Tanso_ng_Laguna